Microorganismos del suelo: aliados invisibles en la lucha contra bacterias resistentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31243/mdc.uta.v10i2.3224.2026Palabras clave:
antibióticos, metabolitos secundarios, microbiota del suelo, One Health, resistencia antimicrobiana.Resumen
Introducción: El suelo es uno de los ecosistemas más diversos y funcionalmente complejos del planeta. Alberga una variedad de microorganismos que desempeñan papeles esenciales en: (i) los ciclos biogeoquímicos, (ii) la productividad vegetal y (iii) la salud ambiental. En las últimas décadas, el desarrollo del concepto One Health ha establecido que la salud humana, animal y ambiental se encuentran relacionadas, con el microbioma del suelo actuando como eje ecológico central. En este contexto, comprender el papel de los microorganismos edáficos resulta fundamental para abordar problemáticas emergentes de salud pública, como la resistencia antimicrobiana.
Objetivo: Analizar, a partir de una revisión de la literatura científica, la función de los microorganismos del suelo desde el enfoque One Health, destacando su papel en la producción de metabolitos secundarios y su impacto en la resistencia antimicrobiana, integrando una perspectiva de la ecología microbiana y la salud pública.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, incluyendo artículos originales y revisiones publicadas entre 2015 y 2025. La información fue analizada mediante una síntesis cualitativa, sin metaanálisis ni evaluación formal de calidad.
Resultados: La literatura analizada muestra que los microorganismos edáficos producen una amplia gama de metabolitos secundarios que cumplen funciones ecológicas, con relevancia biomédica por su capacidad para modular la tolerancia y resistencia a los antibióticos.
Conclusiones: Esta revisión integra los avances recientes del rol de los microorganismos del suelo bajo la perspectiva One Health y examina cómo los metabolitos secundarios microbianos pueden influir tanto en la dinámica evolutiva de la resistencia antimicrobiana como en la búsqueda de nuevas terapias antibacterianas
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