Enfermería Investiga is an international, peer-reviewed health sciences journal that considers original contributions to nursing and medical practice, health sciences education, and related fields. Enfermería Investiga publishes four issues per year in January, April, July, and December. It disseminates original research articles, reviews, and clinical case studies in all areas of health and social sciences, with an emphasis on nursing practice: community nursing, social-polyvalent nursing, sexual-reproductive health, primary care nursing, public health, and bioethics. Online ISSN: 2550-6692 ISSN: 2477-9172 Enfermería Investiga is indexed in: LATINDEX, REDIB, UNIVERSIA, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, BASE Bielefeld, SIS Scientific Indexing Services, OCLC, CUIDATGE, Data Bases (SIICDB), Ibero-American Society of Scientific Information Databases (SIIC), ERIH PLUS The European Science Foundation, CIBERE Ibero-American Council of Nursing Journal Editors, Fundación Index (Spain), Editorial, Ulrichsweb & Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, ProQuest, EuroPub Database, Electronic Journals Library EZB, University of Regensburg (Universität Regensburg), Germany.
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THERAPEUTIC ADHERENCE IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. A SCOPING REVIEW
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, which in the long term causes severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence regarding therapeutic adherence in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: Research constructed based on guidelines (PRISMA ScR) and manuals (JBI), with search in Pubmed, Scopus, LILACS, Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The evidence selection process was carried out individually with the use of Rayyan Software, with blinding activated, any type of methodological design. There was no restriction as to language or year of publication, a total of 15 studies were included. Results: It was determined that the lack of adherence is related to factors, this implies that the level of schooling is a predominant factor, sex and age, the female population confirms epidemiological trends at national and international level of poor therapeutic adherence. Conclusions: Therapeutic adherence is a global problem that was highlighted in the scientific evidence analyzed from various studies compiled, it shows that the population studied was adherent with a relevant significant in the female sex and the factors related to the therapeutic regimen are strongly associated with poor adherence.
type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment adherence and compliance, medication adherence, family support.
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ERGONOMICS OF THE ELDERLY: PRINCIPLES AND IMPORTANCE
Introduction: The aging of the global population presents worldwide challenges that require specific approaches to improve the quality of life of older adults. Ergonomics, as a discipline, seeks to adapt environments and products to the needs of this group, considering the physiological and cognitive changes associated with aging. Objective: To analyze the principles and importance of ergonomics for older adults in order to understand the design of environments and products adapted to the needs of this population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology, ensuring rigor and transparency in the selection of studies. Articles published between 2019 and 2024 were included from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciElo, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were articles in Spanish and English that addressed ergonomics, older adults, and adaptability. Documents from non-academic repositories were excluded. Out of 122 identified articles, 38 were selected after removing duplicates and assessing their relevance. Results: The physiological changes of aging, such as decreased muscle tone, loss of bone density, and reduced sensory capacity, affect mobility and balance. Key ergonomic solutions were identified, such as adapted furniture. Conclusions: Ergonomics is essential for improving the quality of life of older adults by adapting environments and products to their physical and cognitive needs. However, challenges remain in the implementation of these solutions, particularly in regions with limited resources.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INNOVATIONS IN NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND EARLY DISEASE DETECTION
Introduction: Artificial Intelligence was introduced in almost all human activities and can mean a major change in human care and more effective performance of tasks such as diagnosis and early detection of diseases, in addition to treatment monitoring, patient safety, consultation by evidence and tests and constant communication. Objective: to explore Artificial Intelligence innovations in nursing and early disease diagnosis aimed at improving the efficiency of human care. Method: Document review, in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scielo and search engines such as Google Scholar, of information from the last 8 years. Using the PRISMA method, the inclusion criteria are: complete scientific articles, and technological information with keywords: use of AI for nursing diagnoses, NANDA, NIC, NOC, early identification of clinical manifestations and symptoms, from the last 8 years. Results: Twenty-one documents were selected. The contents were organized according to categories of the significance of AI in the diagnosis and early identification of diseases, the impact of AI on healthcare, and new AI developments for nursing. Conclusions: The application of AI in the healthcare field reports significant benefits in efficiency, accuracy, and support to healthcare professionals, as it serves for the diagnosis and early identification of diseases. AI innovations for nursing and health sciences occur daily throughout the world.
artificial intelligence, nursing diagnostics, early diagnosis, machine learning specialist systems
CONGENITAL KNEE DISLOCATION AND CLUBFOOT: A CASE REPORT.
Introduction: Congenital dislocation of the knee is a rare physical malformation, it is a genu recurvatum deformity that is often combined with other defects, such as clubfoot. Early diagnosis has been associated with a more favorable prognosis and a reduced need for surgery. This deformity can be identified prenatally, through 3D or 4D ultrasound scans, but is confirmed at birth. Orthopedic methods and physiotherapies have proven to be effective in the treatment, surgical interventions are only advised when non-invasive treatment has failed. Objective: To describe the impact and management of congenital dislocation of the knee plus clubfoot. Methods: Single descriptive clinical case study, focusing on the detailed presentation of congenital dislocation of the knee plus clubfoot of an individual case with a contextual analysis and a discussion based on previous evidence, using DeCS such as: dislocation, knee, neonate, treatment, orthopedic. Results: The case presented corresponds to a neonate with a double diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the knee and clubfoot, who underwent radiographic studies and was assigned orthopedic treatment. Conclusions: Congenital dislocation of the knee is determined as a rare condition and is distinguished by an alteration in the knee joint that causes its excessive extension, the most usual treatment methods against this pathology include orthopedic therapies, as it has been used in this situation, physiotherapy and surgeries fundamentally focused on extending the quadriceps
dislocation, knee, neonate, treatment, orthopedic
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER
Introduction: Cancer, one of the most significant non-communicable diseases worldwide, carries various repercussions in the patient's life, especially in the emotional aspect. Objective: To identify the scientific evidence that exists regarding the different psychological assessment instruments for patients diagnosed with cancer. Methods: A scoping review was carried out following the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the guidelines of the PRISMA ScR guide were followed for the preparation of the report. Three databases and grey literature were searched systematically, and studies were selected using Rayyan Systems software independently by both reviewers. Extracted data were analysed using basic quantitative and basic qualitative deductive content analysis. Results: 30 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria; these instruments were grouped into categories according to the mental disorder they measure, this taking the DSM-5 as a reference, all instruments presented acceptable validity and internal consistency for use in oncology patients. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of psychological assessment in cancer patients and provides useful guidance for selecting appropriate instruments. These findings contribute to the improvement of the comprehensive approach to cancer patients and strengthen psychological care in this context.
cáncer, instrumentos psicológicos, pacientes adultos.
SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS AND PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITOSIS IN CHILDREN FROM A BRAZILIAN RURAL SETTLEMENT
Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis, caused by helminths and protozoa, can lead to various health issues. These infections disproportionately affect underdeveloped and developing countries, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation. Transmission is more prevalent in some regions, such as peripheral communities, peri-urban zones, and rural settlements, thereby negatively impacting the population’s quality of life. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children aged 0-12 living in a peri-urban/rural settlement and identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study, which analyzed 142 fecal samples from 50 children. Also, socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral data from families were collected. Results: A 54% prevalence of intestinal parasites was observed, with Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, and Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common, with monoparasitism occurring in 48%. All families had income class E. Ninety-four percent of the children's water source was from an artisanal well (without chlorination). 94% of the children consumed raw vegetables; 66% of children used water alone to clean their vegetables, and 63% of these children had intestinal parasitosis. The adapted Ecomapa model allows for a qualitative representation of the relationship between socioenvironmental determinants and the presence of parasites. Conclusions: The study highlights the multifactorial causes of the high prevalence of intestinal parasites in children living in settlements, requiring analysis at various levels. Effective policy action at the federal, state, and municipal levels is crucial to ensure adequate sanitation, healthcare, and education for this vulnerable group, particularly children, who require comprehensive care, quality services, and promotion of healthy habits to support their growth and development.
intestinal parasites, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, sanitation, childhood
ORIGIN AND PREVALENCE OF COLONIZATION BY BACTERIA CARRYING EXTENDED-SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASES AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CARBAPENEMASES IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Introduction: Intestinal colonization is a significant factor in disseminating multidrug-resistant bacteria and can also be the endogenous origin of bacteria that cause infections. Objective: To determine the prevalence of human carriers of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (BLEE) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) producer bacteria among hospitalized patients and to establish the colonization origin. Methods: This observational and descriptive study analyzed all the reports of rectal swabs positive for bacteria with phenotypes BLEE and KPC from patients admitted to the Hospital San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador, between June 2016 and June 2017. Results: We found that 180 out of 334 included patients (53.89%) were carriers of bacteria with BLEE (44.61%) and KPC (9.28%) phenotypes. The predominant bacteria with phenotype BLEE were Escherichia coli (87.25%), whereas for the KPC phenotype, it was Klebsiella spp. (83.87%). Colonization was present in all age groups, mainly in adults older than 61. Meanwhile, the colonization origin was nosocomial (55.7%) and in the community (37.58%). Conclusions: The high frequency of colonization by bacteria with multidrug-resistant phenotypes in the population across various age groups underscores the significance of our findings. The prevalence of nosocomial acquisition remains high, but the substantial interchange of bacteria from the community suggests a pressing need for revised infection control measures.
colonización, resistencia a antibióticos, resistencia betalactamicas, enterobacteriaceae productoras de carbapenemasa
EATING HABITS RELATED TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN STUDENTS OF HUMAN HEALTH COURSES AT THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LOJA.
Introduction: Eating habits refer to the selection and preference regarding the quantity, quality and method of preparation of food, influenced by factors such as personal tastes, availability of food, socioeconomic level, and family and cultural traditions of each individual. On the other hand, academic performance is the assessment or measurement of students' abilities, reflecting their learning throughout the university educational process. It is related to the student's ability to respond to educational stimuli. Objective: was to analyze the relationship between eating habits and academic performance of health career students at the National University of Loja. Method: The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational scope. The sample consisted of 303 students out of 1,432 from the entire Faculty in general. Results: The results show that 98.3% of students have healthy eating habits and the remaining 1.7% are considered adequate. Regarding academic performance, 61.1% identified themselves as very good, 30.7% as excellent and 8.3% as good. No relationship was found between the variables (p= 0.152). Conclusions: Students have healthy eating habits that are reflected in very good and excellent academic performance, however, there is no statistically significant relationship.
Food, health, nutrition, lifestyle, academic
LEVEL OF SOCIAL DETERIORATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN USERS OF THE VILCABAMBA SENIOR CENTER
Introduction: The level of social deterioration is a process that identifies and analyzes the social factors that influence the well-being of the elderly. The objective of this study was to analyze the level of social deterioration and quality of life in users of the Vilcabamba Senior Center. Method: Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study with a population of 40 older adults. The technique used was the survey and the instruments “Escala de Valoración Social para el Adulto Mayor EVASAM-15” and the “Escala de Calidad de Vida WHOQOL-BREF”, validated and reliable. Results: 45 % of users aged 76 to 86 years had mild social impairment; 32,5 % were widowed; 72,5 % had primary education. Regarding the level of social deterioration: 70 % have fixed resources of their own; 47,5 % have their own home, but live alone; and 47.5% live with their family. Sixty percent have an affective family life; 75 % seek understanding and support; 92,5 % go to hospitals for medical evaluation. In relation to quality of life, 60 % define it as normal; 55 % are satisfied with their health; 95 % report having better physical health; 82,5 % have better psychological health; 97,5 % have better social and environmental relations. In the results it is evident that by having economic income they can cover their basic needs. Conclusions: The greatest affectation in the older adult is loneliness, however, it is observed that those who have social support networks manage to maintain better quality of life.
Social welfare, elderly, human health, social relations.
BACTERIAL LOAD ON HOSPITAL SURFACES ON HOSPITAL OF THE ORIENTAL ECUADOR
Introduction: Bacteria viruses or fungi can survive for a long time on hospital surfaces or environments, the accumulation of microorganisms results in healthcare associated infections (HAIs), being a worldwide public health problem. Objective: To analyze the bacterial load and cleanliness of surgical surfaces and environments. Methods: Deductive, observational, descriptive, descriptive, cross-sectional and field approach, qualitative design; where high contact surfaces were selected during surgical procedures, by means of sampling techniques and microbiological analysis, the presence of bacteria on surfaces and environment was sought to be evidenced. Results: High concentrations of different bacteria were revealed, Gram-positive Staphylococcus Aureus, non-fermenting Staphylococcus, predominantly S. Aureus, Gram-negative germs, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, where each of the samples was positive for an unspecified fungus, the most contaminated surface was the anesthesia machine, which represents a high danger of contracting nosocomial infections. 100% of the personnel apply biosafety principles, use personal protective equipment and perform periodic disinfection of surgical surfaces, 75% of the participants identify disinfectant substances. Conclusions: Bacterial contamination causes nosocomial infections, hence the need to strengthen cleaning, disinfection, and environmental control practices in operating rooms and minimize the risk of healthcare-associated infections.
microorganisms, bacterial load, infections
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND SELF-EFFICACY IN HEALTH PERSONNEL IN ECUADOR
Introduction: Quality of working life (CVL) and professional self-efficacy (AP) are essential for personal health, which can directly influence your well-being and quality of care. The objective was to compare the factors of quality of work life and professional self-efficacy according to the levels of care and occupational categories of health team members in health units in Quito, Ecuador. Methods: the study was not experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative. 233 doctors, nurses and nursing assistants from health units at the first and second level of care were studied. A questionnaire on sociodemographic and work variables, a questionnaire on quality of working life and one on professional self-efficacy were applied. Results show that 71.3% of the majority were women; Regarding the CVL general, it was classified by the majority as "media". By dimensions of CVL, work stress varies considerably between personal health; Therefore, the lowest level predominates for nursing assistants and the highest for doctors. In relation to the AP, the first level of attention is found to be a higher overall level compared to the second level. Conclusions: These findings support the need for specific strategies to improve the quality of working life and reduce stress, especially among doctors, and to strengthen positive professional self-efficacy at all levels of care.
work health, quality of life, self-efficacy, infirmary
CHALLENGE OF THE NURSING PROFESSIONAL IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
Han transcurrido más de cuatro años desde el inicio de la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19), informada por primera vez en China específicamente desde la comunidad de Wuhan el 31 de diciembre de 2019 (1), como desafío para el mundo que dejó como resultado un cambio obligatorio de la dinámica de cada país a nivel social, económico, laboral, cultural, político, religioso, y medioambiental, situación de salud nada fácil para ser enfrentada mundialmente (2). Bajo estas circunstancias, los profesionales en enfermería han enfrentado con mayor fuerza y pasión su rol de cuidador, como miembro del equipo de la salud, encontrándose con algunas limitantes para el logro de sus objetivos, específicamente en el campo de la educación, entre las cuales el cierre provisional de las instituciones universitarias y consecuencia de ello, la desmotivación de los participantes, convirtiéndose en un reto en el quehacer de enfermería sobre todo en la docencia a nivel superior (3).
SOCIOFAMILIAL CONDITION AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS AT THE MOTUPE HEALTH CENTER IN THE CITY OF LOJA
Introduction: Aging is a global process that entails various social, economic and health challenges. The socio-family condition plays a fundamental pillar in the quality of life of the elderly, influencing the physical, emotional and psychological well-being. The lack of family support can bring with it some triggers that affect the stability of the elderly, thus it is pertinent to create measures that promote an integrated quality of life. Objective: To analyze the quality of life and socio-family condition of the elderly of the Motupe Health Center. Methods: Research with a quantitative, correlational, descriptive cross-sectional approach, using the Gijón Socio-Family Survey, a reliable and validated instrument to identify risks in people over 65 years of age, evaluating dimensions such as: family situation, economic, housing, social relationships and support from the social network, in addition, the WHOQOL-BREFF scale was applied to evaluate the quality of life in 4 domains; physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. Results: 76.67% of participants presented an intermediate social risk, and 95.56% had an average quality of life. A significant negative correlation (-0.366) was found between socio-family status and quality of life. Conclusions: The majority of older adults presented a socio-family status with social risk and average quality of life. From a family and community nursing perspective, these findings highlight the need for interventions that strengthen family ties, social support, and autonomy to improve the overall well-being of this vulnerable population.
social factors, quality of life, older adults.
ALIGNMENT BETWEEN PROJECTS AND SERVICE STANDARDS HOSPITAL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
Introduction: At present, the process of hospital management is important for the proper management of a health institution. Objective: understand the reality of hospital services in the alignment of projects and standards based on clinical management. Methods: Documentary study, descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data were obtained through an instrument developed for the analysis of the Strategic Master Plans (SMP) of a University Hospital for the years 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 and were submitted to the content analysis, thematic modality. Results: It is evident that despite the implementation of the SMP in the HUJM for the advancement of management in the institution, there is still a deficit in the implementation of the actions proposed for the achievement of goals and objectives set for the hospital services, once the actions defined in two subsequent levels are integrated, revealing that there was not enough evolution, however, the redirection of the paradigm that guides the management in the hospital, when it proposes standards and tools aligned to the new model of clinical management. Conclusions: The implementation and fulfillment of institutional standards based on user needs allows for alignment between management actions and goal fulfillment, so that, through the principle of clinical management, investment in people's education can foster an integral approach to user care.
hospital administration, clinical governance, health planning
MEANING GIVEN BY THE FAMILY TO THE VALUES INVOLVED IN THE CARE OF OLDER ADULTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S.
Introduction: Alzheimer's is one of the most common pathologies of cognitive decline in older adults, who require care at home by family members with values. Objective: To understand the meaning that family members give to the values ​​​​that intervene in the care of the older adult with Alzheimer's, from an integrative perspective. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological-hermeneutic study, the method selected for the interpretation of the information was Herbert Spielberg's. After informed consent, an in-depth interview was used; the key informants were 3 family caregivers. Also, 2 external informants, two nursing professionals who work in the Autonomous Service of Geriatrics and Gerontology of the state of Aragua, Venezuela. Results: There were two emerging categories: 1) Understanding the psycho-affective state of caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's; 2) Identifying the values ​​involved in caring for older adults with Alzheimer's. The study reveals that, to understand the values ​​involved in caring for older adults with Alzheimer's, family members must consider several elements such as feelings, knowledge, love, dedication, and human warmth. They also require training to maintain their psychological state and provide them with security during care. Caregivers live different experiences. Conclusions: From the perspective of the family caregiver, values ​​such as love, dedication, responsibility, perseverance, and honesty, as well as feelings and knowledge, are embedded in caregiving, in order to preserve the biopsychosocial well-being of older adults with Alzheimer's.
adulto mayor, demencia senil tipo Alzheimer, valores sociales, familiar cuidador
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE IN PARENTS AT THE “TENIENTE HUGO ORTIZ” SCHOOL
Introduction: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a preventive strategy that reduces the risk of cervical and related cancers. It affects both men and women, who may be asymptomatic carriers. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes about HPV vaccination in parents of the “Teniente Hugo Ortiz” School. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, correlational and prospective research was carried out. The population consisted of 85 parents of children between 9 and 14 years of age, in the fifth year of basic education. A questionnaire was used for data collection, which was previously validated and reliable, with a Cronbach's alpha 0.86. Results: The level of knowledge about the HPV vaccine showed significantly similar percentages, obtaining a fair (35.3%), poor (34.1%) and good (30.6%) level. Regarding attitudes, the majority showed indifference (95.3%) and only 4.7% showed an attitude of acceptance; it should be noted that there were no cases of rejection. No relationship was found between knowledge and attitudes, using the Chi-square(x2) test (p = 0.501). Conclusions: Knowledge and attitudes about HPV vaccine are not related, this plasma the need to be opportunity to know other factors that could influence the willingness to vaccinate their children.
vacunación, vacunas contra papilomavirus, neoplasia de cuello uterino
COPING STRATEGIES AND RESILIENCE AS MEDIATING FACTORS OF GRIEF FOR THE LOSS OF HEALTH
Introduction: The most frequently diagnosed chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in America are accompanied by a grieving process that negatively impacts the mental health of those who suffer from them, therefore, patients need to use coping strategies that help enhance resilience. General objective: To analyze coping and resilience strategies as mediating factors of grief for loss of health in patients with NSTC. Methods: Descriptive correlational study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. The study population was made up of patients with NCDs who attended the outpatient service of a Health Center. To obtain the data, three questionnaires were applied: Carver's Abbreviated COPE, Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale (RS) and the Psychological Responses to Grief Scale for Loss of Health (RPD-PS-38). Results: A statistically significant association is identified between coping strategies and resilience (p = 0.007), in turn, factors such as promises/negotiation and faith/hope are related to a greater capacity to face the challenges of loss of health, and on the other hand, factors such as depression, denial and anger are related to a negative impact on the quality of life of people with NCDs. Conclusions: Individuals who have coping strategies such as promises/negotiation, faith/hope, as well as high levels of resilience, face grief in the face of loss of health with better emotional and relational resources.
resilience, coping, grief, coping strategies, chronic non-communicable diseases.
PERCEPTION OF THE HOSPITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL OF THE RIOBAMBA PROVINCIAL GENERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL
Introduction: The perception of the educational environment in the hospital context is seen as a quality indicator that supports the teaching-learning process of health personnel at the Provincial General Teaching Hospital of Riobamba (HPGDR). This environment is composed of tangible and intangible stimuli that influence positive or negative perceptions and sometimes generate demotivation problems that affect professional development and hinder interventions to improve the hospital environment. Objective: To analyze the perception of the hospital educational environment in the HPGDR. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 2022 with 153 healthcare professionals. Using the Postgraduate Hospital Education Environment Measure (PHEEM) survey. Results: Three domains were evaluated: Perception of Autonomy Role (PRA) with a score of 31,88/56, Perception of Teaching (PE) with 38,12/60, and Perception of Social Support (PRS) with 26,14/44. The overall rating of the educational environment was 96,13/160. Conclusions: The educational environment at HPGDR is more favorable than unfavorable and shows openness to improvement. However, this perception does not have a direct impact on the professional development of healthcare personnel.
educational environment, staff development, perceptions, health personnel
LIFE EXPERIENCES AT WORK AND IN HEALTH FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES
Introduction: People with physical disabilities can perform work activities; however, they lack benefits and may have difficulties accessing health services. Objective: To explore the work and health experiences of people with physical disabilities through an in-depth individual interview, with the aim of providing a reference for the phenomenon. Method: A qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted with four individuals working in various establishments in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. The participants were men and women of legal age, who reported physical and cognitive functioning. The interviews were conducted based on a generative question, previously validated by experts and subjected to an exploratory study in two participants. The interviews were audio-recorded; content analysis was performed with the support of Atlas.ti version 23. Ethical aspects were safeguarded by assigning pseudonyms to participants and ensuring confidentiality. Furthermore, the informants gave their informed consent. Results: Three women and one man participated, ranging in age from 23 to 53. Only one person had access to healthcare; the disability they suffered was in the lower limbs in all cases, and three of the participants also suffered from an underlying condition. Three categories of analysis were obtained: 1) experience with the disabling situation, 2) health management, and 3) experiences of working with a disability. Conclusions. The speeches highlight multiple situations that make it difficult for participants to carry out daily tasks, work tasks, and even access health services.
persona con discapacidad, accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, estado de salud
La reciente Sentencia 67-23-IN/24 de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador ha marcado un hito en el debate sobre la eutanasia en el país. Este fallo, que establece la constitucionalidad condicionada del artículo 144 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP) en casos de eutanasia activa, ha abierto la puerta para una discusión más amplia sobre los derechos de los pacientes y los desafíos que enfrentan los profesionales de la salud. Dentro de este contexto, la enfermería juega un papel clave al ser el punto de contacto más cercano entre los pacientes y el sistema de salud (1). Un caso emblemático que ilustró la necesidad de este fallo fue el de Paola Roldán, una joven ecuatoriana que padecía una enfermedad degenerativa incurable que le provocaba sufrimientos físicos y emocionales extremos. Su historia destacó la importancia del derecho a una muerte digna y visibilizó las limitaciones legales existentes en el país para abordar situaciones de sufrimiento intolerable. Paola y su familia abogaron por la autonomía personal como un derecho fundamental, argumentando que su calidad de vida ya no era compatible con una existencia digna. Este caso generó un amplio debate social y fue un catalizador para la discusión sobre la regulación de la eutanasia en Ecuador (1).
LEARNING STYLES OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Introduction: Learning styles encompass the diverse preferences that students show in terms of processing, assimilating and retaining information. The theories proposed by Kolb, Honey-Mumford and Neil Fleming have examined these discrepancies in learning styles and classified them into different categories. Objective: To carry out an exhaustive analysis of the learning styles preferred by university students. Methods: Documentary study, through a systematic review of contemporary literature. The sample consisted of 21 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were meticulously selected from important academic databases, such as: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Dialnet, Scielo and Semantic, using the PRISMA diagram for the identification, selection and systematic inclusion of relevant studies. Results. University students show various learning styles that are influenced by their respective academic subjects. In the CHAEA model, reflective and theoretical learning styles emerged as the most prevalent, in the fields of health sciences and engineering. According to the VARK model, more than 50% of students employed multimodal learning styles. In the context of Kolb's model, the divergent learning style was frequently associated with health sciences. Conclusions: The research implies that educators must modify pedagogical strategies to accommodate diverse learning styles, thereby improving educational effectiveness and fostering an inclusive academic environment.
estilos de aprendizaje, teorías de aprendizaje, estudiantes universitarios
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF TOPICAL TIMOLOL MALEATE IN INFANTILE HEMANGIOMAS
Introduction: Infantile hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors in infants, which can regress over time but sometimes produce sequelae, such as telangiectasias, which can cause disfigurement and influence psychosocial development. Treatment must be individualized and usually includes propranolol, corticosteroids or laser. However, the use of topical timolol maleate in these patients has recently been proposed. Objective: Know the therapeutic effects of topical timolol maleate in infantile hemangiomas. Methods: Documentary study, with selection of randomized controlled clinical trials, carried out in the last ten years; The scientific databases used were PubMed through the National Library of Medicine platform, Lilacs and IBECS through the Virtual Health Library; CENTRAL, through Cochrane; Academic Search, PsycINFO, Cinahl and SPORTDiscus, through EBSCO Host; WOS and SciELO through the Web of Science. Results: Topical timolol maleate is effective in the treatment of infantile hemangioma, the total sample was 294 patients from six studies. Topical timolol was applied at a concentration of 0.5%, the frequency of application ranged from 2 to 4 times a day, and the total duration of treatment was 3 to 12 months. Conclusions: Topical timolol maleate reduces the volume of infantile hemangiomas, as well as coloration, complications, and the need for additional intervention; It is a well-tolerated treatment, the response of which depends on the age at the time of initial treatment.
timolol, hemangioma, propranolol, benign neoplasia
PROBIOTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS: A REVIEW STUDY
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the colon of multifactorial origin that affects the microbiota, its treatment seeks to improve its dysbiosis by means of probiotics, microorganisms with life, capable of providing multiple benefits to the organism. Objective: To analyze the benefits of probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by means of a literature review. Method: A systematic review was carried out in Spanish and English using scientific databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet, Google Scholar, Elsevier. In a total of 251 reviews, considering as exclusion criteria those documents older than 3 years or not included in scientific databases. Results: Despite not being harmful to health, some authors highlight that the use of probiotics does not guarantee a cure of the disease or the elimination of its symptoms, but rather that it could be useful in periods of remission and its maintenance, provided it is used in the right amount and specific strain. Conclusions: Probiotics have proven to be useful in inducing the remission phase of active ulcerative colitis, with a specific amount and type of strains, however, studies are still needed to determine the duration of their effect on the organism.
probióticos, úlcera, disbiosis, microbiota
USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Introduction: Information and communication technologies are a set of resources, instruments, computer applications, networks and platforms that facilitate the incorporation, manipulation, retention and dissemination of information. Objective: Analyze the use and preferences that university students give to information and communication technologies. Methods: Quantitative, observational-cross-sectional, descriptive approach. The population was composed of students of the Nursing Career of a public University of Ecuador, from where a sample of 238 students was selected through simple random sampling, to whom a self-administered questionnaire composed of 4 dimensions was applied: the general use of mobile phone, the use of applications, the network, and the deployment of technologies both at home and in the classroom. Results: 51.3% of students reported that they used their cell phones mainly to communicate with family and classmates, while 34.9% indicated that they used them for academic activities, WhatsApp became the social networking platform most used daily, with 72.7% usage. In the home context, students recognized that they used information and communication technologies for leisure activities, such as listening to music 53.8% and participating in collaborative group tasks with fellow students 46.6%. In the classroom, they are used for their collaboration, creativity and facilitation of learning. Conclusions: Students use Information and Communication Technologies for communication, leisure and educational purposes.
tecnologías de información y comunicación, estudiantes universitarios, adicción a la tecnología, dependencia de tecnologías
LIFESTYLES AND EATING HABITS OF STUDENTS AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN CHILLÁN
Introduction: Lifestyles (LS) encompass various important aspects such as leisure time, physical activity, the consumption of psychoactive substances, tobacco, alcohol, and dietary habits, with the latter being especially crucial for the development and maintenance of a healthy life. Objective: To determine the lifestyles and dietary habits of third- and fourth-year students of the Psychology and Nursing programs at a private university in Chillán, Chile. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study. The sample consisted of 185 university students from the third and fourth years of the Psychology and Nursing programs. A survey was administered to collect sociodemographic data, lifestyle information using the FANTASTICO instrument, and dietary habits according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the STATA 14.0 software. Results: show that 55.1% of the surveyed students have a good lifestyle, with the Psychology program outperforming Nursing, and third-year students outperforming fourth-year students. On the other hand, regarding dietary habits, most students report eating fruits (79%), vegetables (73.5%), meats (46%), fish (63.2%), and legumes (79.5%) 1 to 2 times a week. Dairy products are consumed 1 to 2 times a day (73.5%), with 1 to 3 glasses of water per day (44.35%), and 1 to 2 times a week they report eating fried foods (70.8%). Conclusions: The vast majority of students have good lifestyles but unhealthy dietary habits, as they do not meet the consumption recommendations of the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines.
estilo de vida, hábitos alimentarios, estudiantes.
Jocelin Izamar León Sepúlveda León Sepúlveda
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SCHOOLS FROM AN ECUADORIAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Introduction: Nutritional status is an essential determinant in the physical and cognitive development of school-age children. Objective: to describe the nutritional status and academic performance of schoolchildren from an Ecuadorian educational institution. Methods: quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research, with a census sample of 61 children from the Luis Amando Ugarte Lemus School, El Oro Province of Ecuador, the anthropometry procedure manual of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, the growth patterns for the nutritional evaluation of children and adolescents of Chile and the Student Evaluation Instructions of the Ministry of Education of Ecuador were used. The hypothesis was tested using the Z-Test, with a critical value of 1.96 for the acceptance of the alternate or null hypothesis. Results: 59% of school children were aged 10 to 12 years and 55.7% were males, with respect to parents: age from 30 to 34 years 45.9%, 57.4% female, 78.7% middle education, 34.4% private employees and 100% urban area. In academic performance according to the nutritional status of school children. The hypothesis raised in the Z test of 0.58 is lower than the critical value of 1.96, accepting the null hypothesis, which establishes that there is no influence of nutritional status on the academic performance of schoolchildren. Conclusions: In the children of the Luis Amando Ugarte Lemus School, nutritional status does not influence academic performance.
antropometría, rendimiento escolar, aprendizaje, niño.
CREATION AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR SELF-PERCEPTION OF HEALTH EFFECTS CAUSED BY SMOKE GENERATED BY SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Introduction: Surgical smoke is a by-product of the use of thermal instruments during surgical procedures, which may contain hazardous substances and particles that can negatively affect the health. Objective: To create and validate an instrument for self-perception of health effects due to smoke generated by surgical procedures. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental and cross-sectional design with a descriptive scope, which included an exhaustive review of the literature, content validation by a panel of experts, pilot tests with health professionals and several reviews to ensure the reliability of the instrument. Results: The validated questionnaire consisted of 14 items classified into two dimensions: physical effects (items 1 to 7) and psychological effects (items 8 to 14). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed a high level of internal consistency, with values ​​of 0.83 for the physical dimension, and 0.94 for the psychological dimension, which generally obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. The instrument effectively includes the effects reported by professionals exposed to surgical smoke in a specific manner, thus improving the understanding of occupational risks in operating theatres. Conclusions: The validated questionnaire represents a reliable and appropriate instrument for application in future research, as well as in the formulation of preventive strategies aimed at improving the occupational health of operating theatre staff.
surgical procedures, surgery, adverse effects
MATERNAL MORBIDITY AS A RISK FOR OBSTETRIC EMERGENCY AND ITS RESOLUTION IN AN OBSTETRIC HOSPITAL
Introduction: Maternal morbidity is a serious complication that occurs during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, which puts the health of the pregnant woman at risk. Objective: Determine maternal morbidity as a risk for obstetric emergencies and its resolution. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research, carried out between January and March 2022 at the Ángela Loayza Obstetric Gynecological Hospital in Ollague. The study population was 610 patients, with a representative sample of 237 patients treated, of which 231 patients were evaluated through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Results: There were morbidities during pregnancy that represented an obstetric risk, such as: previous uterine scar 25.5%, oligohydramnios 9.5%, dystocia and preeclampsia 7.8%, which represent the greatest maternal morbidity, recognizing the danger that occurs for the mother and the fetus, being resolved in 100% of cases by cesarean section. Conclusions: Maternal morbidity represents a greater risk for obstetric emergency, since it has been analyzed that all patients who have presented at least one morbidity have ended up in obstetric emergency, occurring in the third trimester, where their evolution and complications can significantly affect the mother and fetus.
risk factors, dystocia, cesarean section, pregnant women.
A NURSING LOOK AT DELAYS IN OBSTETRIC HEALTH CARE IN MOTHERS IN “EL CAMBIO” SECTOR
Introduction: Delay in care is the delay of the pregnant woman in receiving obstetric health care, the Thaddeus and Maine model of the “Three Delays” are: delay 1 due to delay in making the decision to seek help, delay 2 due to delay in arrival at the health center and delay 3 due to slowness in receiving adequate care from the health center. Objective: Identify delays in obstetric health care in pregnant women at the “Health Subcenter “El Cambio”, through the application of a tool that evaluates the causes in decision making. Methods: Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional research, with a simple random probabilistic sampling of 150 women who completed their pregnancy during the year 2022, from the “Health Subcenter “El Cambio” in the city of Machala, Ecuador. Results: In obstetric health care, delay 2 is the most frequent delay experienced by patients before arriving at the health center during their birth process with a percentage of 46.0%, in the cause, a significant difference p<0.05 was found in "lack of trust in health services", in health services” with 19.3%, in the distribution of delays according to age and number of pregnancies, a greater number of cases was observed in primigravida between 18 and 34 years of age. Conclusions: delay 2 due to a delay in reaching the health center due to lack of confidence in healthcare services delays obstetric health care in pregnant women at the “Health Subcenter “El Cambio”.
maternal death, prenatal care, maternal health, obstetric labor complications
EXPERIENCES OF ROTARY NURSING INTERNSHIPS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed the world's life and the health of the population, increasing mortality rates. In Ecuador the situation was no different, resulting in the reaction capacity of health personnel. Therefore, the emotional, cognitive and procedural experiences developed by nursing staff were essential. Objective: To describe the emotional, cognitive and procedural experiences of rotating interns of the Nursing Career at the Central University of Ecuador during the pandemic. Methods: Qualitative, ethnographic, narrative and phenomenological study with focus groups; whose participants were students of the rotating internship who carried out pre-professional practices in second and third level of complexity care teaching units during the pandemic. Data processing was carried out with Atlas-Ti 9.0 Software. Results: The positive emotional experiences were: empathy, companionship, decision and resilience; where anxiety, depression and fear were negative experiences. Cognitive experiences show the importance of academic training and self-education in care management, protocol management, drug administration, teamwork, and medical supplies management. In relation to practical and procedural experiences, reflective thinking and logical reasoning strengthened assessment, respiratory isolation management, and oxygen therapy. Conclusions: Participants experienced positive and negative emotions. The scientific foundation allowed them to provide quality care, despite long work days, the risk of contagion, and the unknown disease. Procedural practices proved to be essential and were based on management and leadership.
: pandemia, estudiantes de enfermería, COVID-19