Advances in Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31243/mdc.uta.v9i4.2669.2025Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, biomarker, diagnosis, biomarkers gestational diabetes, glycemic markers, adipokines, markers of insulin resistance, placenta derived markersAbstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 14% of pregnant women and is associated with complications such as macrosomia, preeclampsia and high risk of type 2 diabetes. Factors such as obesity and poor dietary habits increase its incidence, especially in low-income countries. Identifying specific biomarkers allows early interventions to prevent complications.
This systematic review, based on recent articles and advanced analyses such as ELISA and PCR, identified key biomarkers. Adipokines (adiponectin, quemerin, lipocalin and apelin) showed significant alterations; low levels of adiponectin and Nesfatin-1 were associated with insulin resistance. Hemoglobin (>12.6 g/dL) and liver enzymes such as ALT and GGT also stood out for their predictive capacity. Other molecular and genetic biomarkers, such as microRNAs and the PTK2 gene, demonstrated high specificity for GDM in combination with clinical data. Although promising, the results show heterogeneity due to methodological differences. Integration of clinical and molecular approaches could optimize prenatal care. In conclusion, these biomarkers offer effective tools for early detection and personalized management of GDM, although more research is needed to validate their broad clinical use.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Kerly Nicole Supe Acosta, Patricio Andrés Tenorio Orbea , David Fernando Yumbay Taris , Melanie Dayana Beltran, Verónica Soledad Llumitasig Chuquiana , Marcos Edisson Bustillos Solorzano
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