Resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones hospitalarias en América Latina: revisión bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31243/mdc.uta.v9i4.2857.2025Keywords:
Resistencia antimicrobiana, infecciones nosocomiales, patógenos multirresistentes, América LatinaAbstract
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in nosocomial infections is a growing public health challenge in Latin America, limiting therapeutic options and increasing hospital-related mortality. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant hospital infections, identify dominant bacterial resistance mechanisms, and assess current control strategies in Latin American healthcare systems. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using literature published between 2019 and 2024 from PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. Observational studies, systematic reviews, and regional surveillance reports were included. Results: The prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria ranged from 25% to 56%, exceeding 60% in intensive care units. The most frequently reported pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Common resistance mechanisms included ESBL production, carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, OXA), and efflux pumps. Considerable disparities were identified between countries in terms of diagnostic capacity, surveillance systems, and antibiotic regulation. Conclusions: AMR in Latin American hospital settings is a multifactorial issue requiring coordinated regional responses. Strengthening epidemiological surveillance, expanding access to molecular diagnostics, promoting antimicrobial stewardship, and developing comprehensive public health policies are essential to contain the spread of resistance.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Christian García Suárez, Lissett Delgado Díaz , Estephania Chinchilima Sánchez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
