APLICACIÓN DE BIOELEMENTOS PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO DEL CULTIVO DE PAPA MEDIANTE LA UTILIZACIÓN DE ACOLCHADOS

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate 3 types of padding; straw of Andean lands, plastic and litter and its behavior on the characteristics of the soil that allow an improvement of the production of the potato crop in the province of Tungurahua. The experiment was carried out with an experimental design in random blocks with eight treatments and three repetitions, with a total of 24 experimental units where 3 variables were measured: Percentage of humidity, content of organic matter and number of weeds in the soil. The data recorded were subjected to analysis of variance and those variables that showed significant differences were subjected to Tukey's means test. The results show the following data: the humidity percentage was higher in the plastic mulch treatment (APL), with 8.77% and where an increase of 10% in production was registered with the Superchola potato variety, followed by leaf litter treatment (AHO) with 8.33% humidity, for this case the percentage of productivity increased by 17% as this mulch as it was decomposing contributed nutrients (as indicated in the content of matter) organic) for the best development of the crop, obviously this percentage of production will depend on the raw material with which the padding is made. Regarding the content of organic matter (OM) of the soil, the Litterfill Quilting treatment (AHO) is in the first place with 5.22% OM in the soil and lastly we found the control without mulch (ATE) with 4.16% of MO. Regarding the control of weeds, the control presents a slight decrease of weeds between 30 and 60 days, but the treatments with mulches are more effective, the mulch with plastic (APL) presents 86.94% of greater control of weeds in front of the witness without padding; padding with straw (APA) has a 49.84% greater effectiveness in weed control than the treatment without mulching, but this in turn is 19.84% less effective than the treatment with plastic mulch. In conclusion, the plastic and leaf litter pads show the best results. In percentage of soil moisture (8.77% APL); percentage of organic matter in the soil (3.99% AHO); the percentage of control of weeds (60.27% APL) and increase of production with the Superchola variety (19.24% AHO), which allows to improve the management, conservation of soils and increase the production of the potato crop, maintaining minimal environmental impact The materials used are easily acquired, which makes this a technique available to small and medium farmers.