Editorial Team
UTA RECTOR
PhD. Galo Naranjo López
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
OBEST DIRECTOR
Dra. Tatiana Valle Álvarez
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
alexandratvalle@uta.edu.ec
COORDINATOR / EDITOR
Econ. MBA. Ana María Sánchez
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
am.sanchez@uta.edu.ec
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
University of Carabobo (Venezuela)
waranguren30@gmail.com
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
miguelc@economia.unam.mx
Austral University (Argentina)
rcrespo@iae.edu.ar
University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
jose.sixto@usc.es
University of Carabobo (Venezuela)
bhamidia@uc.edu.ve
Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (Mexico)
ariadna.hernandezr@correo.buap.mx
University of Huelva (Spain)
alhc@dehie.uhu.es
University of Los Lagos (Chile)
rlemarie@ulagos.cl
National Autonomous University of Honduras (Honduras)
ricardomatamoros@unah.edu.hn
University of the Coast (Colombia)
rramirez13@cuc.edu.co
National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua (Nicaragua)
erodrigueza@unan.edu.ni
University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
antoniop@cucea.udg.mx
University of the Andes (Venezuela)
rjsumoza@gmail.com
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
andres.abad@epn.edu.ec
National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco (Argentina)
s_albertoli@yahoo.com
Simón Bolívar Andean University (Ecuador)
wilson.araque@uasb.edu.ec
San Francisco University of Quito (Ecuador)
pbeltran@usfq.edu.ec
National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Leon (Nicaragua)
roberto.berrios@ce.unanleon.edu.ni
University Extership of Colombia (Colombia)
diego.catolico@uexternado.edu.co
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
me.cruz@uta.edu.ec
Central University of Ecuador (Ecuador)
cdelatorre@uce.edu.ec
University of Cartagena (Colombia)
aescobare@unicartagena.edu.co
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (Ecuador)
ffalconi@flacso.edu.ec
University of Barcelona (Spain)
amgil@ub.edu
University of Buenos Aires (Argentina)
mirtagonzalezar@yahoo.com.ar
University of Santiago, Chile (Chile)
luis.jara.sa@usach.cl
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
unamdicai@gmail.com
University Latin American Center for Human Economy (Uruguay)
olicandro@claeh.edu.uy
Central University of Ecuador (Ecuador)
albertoralopezb@gmail.com
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
francisco_lopez_herrera@yahoo.com.mx
Lima University (Peru)
fllaque@gmail.com
National University of San Marcos (Peru)
mauripachas@gmail.com
University of Cuenca (Ecuador)
rodrigo.mendieta@ucuenca.edu.ec
EAFIT University (Colombia)
cocampo2@eafit.edu.co
Swiss Paraplegic Research (Switzerland)
ana.ona@paraplegie.ch
Argentine Catholic University (Argentina)
maria_panario@uca.edu.ar
Metropolitan Autonomous University (Mexico)
ramceed@gmail.com
Cadiz University (Spain)
rafael.ravina@uca.es
Higher Polytechnic School of the Coast (Ecuador)
krodrig@espol.edu.ec
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
maluisasaavedra@yahoo.com
Litoral Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
dsabando@espol.edu.ec
Higher Polytechnic School of the Coast (Ecuador)
lfsanche@espol.edu.ec
Higher Polytechnic School of the Coast (Ecuador)
edsanche@espol.edu.ec
Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (Mexico)
drsilveriotamez@gmail.com
The College of Puebla A.C. (Mexico)
eriktapiam@hotmail.com
National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco (Argentina)
nora.trifaro@gmail.com
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
xavier.unda@epn.edu.ec
José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henríquez Institute of Technology (Mexico)
jose.vargas@zapopan.tecmm.edu.mx
University of the Coast (Colombia)
gvelandi1@cuc.edu.co
National Polytechnic Institute (Mexico)
fvenegas1111@yahoo.com.mx
Bucknell University (United States)
mv012@bucknell.edu
National University of San Marcos (Peru)
pvilchezo@unmsm.edu.pe
Litoral Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
pzanzzi@espol.edu.ec
Regional Autonomous University of the Andes (Ecuador)
zapatapedro53@hotmail.com
National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Leon (Nicaragua)
czuniga@ct.unanleon.edu.ni
EXTERNAL COMMITTEE
Central American Technological University (Honduras)
aaguilarortega@gmail.com
Central University of Ecuador (Ecuador)
aeaguilar@uce.edu.ec
University of the Americas (Ecuador)
juanjfav@hotmail.com
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
leinadalcala@hotmail.com
National University of Chimborazo (Ecuador)
kalvarez@unach.edu.ec
State University of Milagro (Ecuador)
jandocillac@unemi.edu.ec
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
arevalogeorgina80@gmail.com
Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Ambato Headquarters (Ecuador)
bavellan@pucesa.edu.ec
Metropolitan University (Ecuador)
barreironoa@gmail.com
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (Ecuador)
cdbarrerafl@flacso.edu.ec
Catholic University of Cuenca (Ecuador)
bermeovanessa@yahoo.com
Sonora Institute of Technology (Mexico)
edith.borboa@itson.edu.mx
Holy Spirit University (Ecuador)
segundo.camino@gmail.com
Rosario University (Colombia)
diego.cardona@urosario.edu.co
Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (Ecuador)
jorge.chafla@espoch.edu.ec
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
javier.cuestas@epn.edu.ec
National University of Misiones (Argentina)
juan.dip@fce.unam.edu.ar
University of Azuay (Ecuador)
gduque@uazuay.edu.ec
Pontifical Bolivarian University (Colombia)
jfescob1@gmail.com
Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (Ecuador)
franqui.esparza@espoch.edu.ec
Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (Mexico)
jaimeestay@hotmail.com
Cesar Vallejo University (Peru)
victorhugofernandezbedoya@gmail.com
Technological University of Peru (Peru)
flores.jorge@pucp.pe
Unemployment Service of the National Police (Ecuador)
ivangranda@gmail.com
Litoral Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
aguerrer@espol.edu.ec
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
carolina.guevara@epn.edu.ec
University of Los Andes (Bolivia)
samuel.goyzueta@alumni.ie.edu
Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (Ecuador)
phermida062@puce.edu.ec
National University of Chimborazo (Ecuador)
patricia.hernandez@unach.edu.ec
University of the Armed Forces - ESPE (Ecuador)
gpherrera@espe.edu.ec
Valley University (Colombia)
juan.pablo.hincapie@correounivalle.edu.co
Internal Revenue Service (Ecuador)
jjjimenez32@hotmail.com
Technical University of Manabi (Ecuador)
nelson.labarca@utm.edu.ec
Cotacachi Higher Technological Institute (Ecuador)
sleal@institutocotacachi.edu.ec
Higher Institute of Technology for Scientific Research and Innovation (Ecuador)
juan.lopez@istici.edu.ec
University of Cordoba (Spain)
dt1logut@uco.es
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
grace_yoly@yahoo.es
International University of La Rioja (España)
marta.magadan@unir.net
University of Guadalajara (Mexico)
medinacelis@gmail.com
Salesian Polytechnic University (Ecuador)
pmontero@ups.edu.ec
Institute of Higher National Studies (Ecuador)
lourdes.montesdeoca@iaen.edu.ec
Indoamerica University (Ecuador)
ambacami@yahoo.com
Higher School for Technology and Innovation (Mexico)
vlaskmo@hotmail.com
EAN University (Colombia)
opatino@universidadean.edu.co
Central University of Ecuador (Ecuador)
lepavon@uce.edu.ec
Suidati Consulting S.A.S. (Ecuador)
bperez@suidati.com
University of Azuay (Ecuador)
mapiedra@uazuay.edu.ec
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (Ecuador)
kepinzonfl@flacso.edu.ec
University of Havana (Cuba)
sergiop@fcf.uh.cu
University Corporation God's Minute (Colombia)
jpradasegur@uniminuto.edu.co
Guayaquil University (Ecuador)
rofaramirezg@gmail.com
Santander Technological Units (Colombia)
mramirezm@correo.uts.edu.co
National University of Misiones (Argentina)
mariano.roffe@fce.unam.edu.ar
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
luis.roman@epn.edu.ec
Iberoamerican University Corporation (Colombia)
danyisaac82@gmail.com
Catholic University of Maule (Chile)
jsalas@ucm.cl
National Polytechnic School (Ecuador)
napoleon.sanchez@epn.edu.ec
Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez (Mexico)
isaac.sanchez@uacj.mx
Chung Yuan Christian University (Taiwan)
dsanchezloor@cycu.edu.tw
National University of Misiones (Argentina)
nildatanski@gmail.com
National University of San Marcos (Peru)
pedrotito18@gmail.com
Salesian Polytechnic University (Ecuador)
ltobar@ups.edu.ec
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Peru)
toledo.ej@pucp.edu.pe
Hemispheres University (Ecuador)
mtorrensp@profesorescol.imf.com
Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Mexico)
patricia.torres@uaslp.mx
National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico)
felipet@unam.mx
National Autonomous University of Honduras (Honduras)
juan.umanzor@unah.edu.hn
Salesian Polytechnic University (Ecuador)
svalladares@ups.edu.ec
Autonomous Popular University of the State of Puebla (Mexico)
sofiaelba.vazquez@upaep.mx
Los Lagos University (Chile)
ricardo.vega@ulagos.cl
Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Manabí Headquarters (Ecuador)
hvegas@pucem.edu.ec
Anahuac Puebla University (Mexico)
fernando.verasa@anahuac.mx
INTERNAL COMMITTEE
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
ramiropcarvajal@uta.edu.ec
TECHNICAL TEAM
Ing. Carolina Freire Paredes
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
lc.freire@uta.edu.ec
Ing. Fernando Mayorga Núñez
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
fa.mayorga@uta.edu.ec
Econ. MBA. Tatiana Vayas Carrillo
Technical University of Ambato (Ecuador)
tl.vayas@uta.edu.ec