Implementation of an environmental monitoring system using wireless sensors and loT technologies for the Sacha Wiwa experimental center

Abstract

This study presents the implementation of an environmental monitoring system at the Sacha Wiwa experimental center, Ecuador, using wireless sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Faced with the challenges of population growth and climate change in agriculture, the Ecowitt GW1100 weather station model was deployed in a coffee plot located within the Sacha Wiwa experimental center. During April 2024, temperature, humidity, and solar radiation data were collected every 5 minutes. The results revealed average temperatures of 28.81°C, humidity of 74.07% and average solar radiation of 320.38 W/m², evidencing variability in environmental conditions. These data allowed for more informed agricultural management, optimizing resources and improving sustainability. In addition, a Random Forest prediction model was implemented to estimate the water stress of crops, with a Mean Square Error of 0.7246, Mean Absolute Error of 0.5952, demonstrating its effectiveness when estimating through Machine Learning. The discussion highlights the technical and economic feasibility of Agriculture 4.0 in rural settings to address global challenges. This study allowed us to lay the foundations for future implementations of IoT in agriculture, promoting its digital transformation towards a more durable and sustainable future.