Obesity and major adverse cardiovascular events

Abstract

Introduction: Major adverse cardiovascular events are a combination of events that include acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Genetic studies reveal that abdominal obesity has a detrimental effect on recovery after ischemic stroke. Heart failure precipitated by obesity causes symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and functional limitation. Objectives: To determine the relationship between cardiovascular risk and obesity. Materials and methods: A systematic search was carried out with data obtained from databases such as PubMed, ELSEVIER, Wiley, WHO, SciELO with the PRISMA 2020 declaration of 39 articles or research on obesity and cardiovascular risk, for the search words obesity and cardiovascular risk were used.  With articles published in the last 5 years on the research topic, observational studies, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used for selection, excluding studies with missing, unavailable data. Results: The results show that a preventive approach can be carried out with the control of variables such as systolic blood pressure at a value <120 to prevent stroke, anti-obesity drugs reduce major cardiovascular events, the administration of statins decreases mortality, the development of kidney disease increases the risk for cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: major adverse cardiovascular events involve acute heart failure associated with acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias or unstable angina. These pathologies include the need for coronary revascularization, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are serious complications in which early treatment can reduce mortality, so reducing obesity is of vital importance due to its association with other risk factors modifiable.