Vertical Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections: HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31243/mdc.uta.v9i2.2841.2025Keywords:
Sexually transmitted infections, vertical transmission, , HIV, syphilis, hepatitis BAbstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a global public health problem, with a significant impact on pregnant women due to the risk of vertical transmission to the fetus. The transmission of STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B can occur at various stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, affecting neonatal health. This literature review aims to analyze STIs with the highest risk of vertical transmission and their complications in newborns. A systematic search was conducted in indexed scientific databases, including Scielo, Scopus, and PubMed, selecting studies published between 2019 and 2023. Findings indicate that untreated syphilis can lead to miscarriages and congenital malformations, while HIV, without antiretroviral therapy, has a transmission rate of 25%-40%, which decreases to less than 2% with treatment. Hepatitis B, with a 90% transmission rate in mothers with positive HBeAg, can be prevented with immunoglobulin and neonatal vaccination. Strategies such as early diagnosis, effective prenatal care, and timely treatment have significantly reduced the vertical transmission of these infections. However, it remains necessary to strengthen prevention programs and improve access to treatment to minimize risks to maternal and infant health.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Verónica del Pilar Gavilanes Fray , Fausto Mauricio Tamayo Vásquez , Joseline Stefanie Bustamante Silva, Andrea Eizabeth Vilaruel Quishpe
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