Ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Abstract

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a healthcare-associated infection that causes increased morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit 48 hours after endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Objective: To determine the antibiotic treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia and its current management. Methods: For the preparation of this manuscript, 37 medical articles published in the last 5 years were used, using databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, with the search words: pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation antibiotics. Results: Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in the highest percentage in the groups that did not comply with the preventive measures packages. A meta-analysis revealed that VAP in a total of 84,031 participants, with the implementation of the packages of measures, reduced the episodes of VAP compared to the group that did not receive the packages of measures (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.33; 0.54). The initial empirical treatment with beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides is used in clinical suspicion, carbapenems or colistin are used as a second line for resistant germs, nebulized antibiotics such as amikacin, tobramycin and colistin were very useful in negativization. Conclusions: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VAP is relevant in the intensive care unit because it increases hospital stay, use of antibiotics, mechanical ventilation time, need for sedatives, muscle relaxants and increases mortality from multidrug-resistant germs