Preoperative evaluation in adults as a source for the prevention of post-surgical complications: literature review.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31243/mdc.uta.v9i3.2914.2025Keywords:
Safe surgery, preanesthetic assessment, surgical risk, intraoperative complicationsAbstract
rates of postoperative complications. This highlights the importance of preanesthetic assessment to identify potential risks. Worldwide, between 10% and 15% of surgeries present complications, with infections and respiratory problems being the most common.
Objective: To analyze current advances and strategies in pre-surgical assessment aimed at identifying and managing risk factors, as well as their relationship with the incidence of complications.
Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in various databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scielo, and Elsevier), selecting studies such as randomized controlled trials, clinical practice guidelines, and literature reviews published between 2021 and 2024. Thirteen articles focusing on preoperative assessment and postoperative complications were included.
Results: An estimated 313 million surgeries are performed annually, with a mortality rate of 1.34% within 30 days. Factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional status, and comorbidities are identified during the preoperative consultation. The use of predictive scales allows for the estimation of cardiovascular and postoperative risks.
Discussion and Conclusions: To reduce the reporting of surgical and post-surgical complications, risk factors such as malnutrition and other comorbidities should be considered. Although predictive scales are useful, they should not be the only tools used to assess patients. The most common complications include surgical wound infections, seromas, hematomas, and stoma complications.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Evelyn Johanna Solano Benalcázar, Ariana Nicole Sari Yánez , Aisha Jahanny Ortega Moreira, Víctor Peñafiel Gaibor
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