Risks and presence of heavy metals in lipsticks: a review study

Abstract

Introduction: Cosmetic products aimed at lip beautification are marketed to everyone and little has been publicly known about their composition and bioaccumulation effects. Objective: To demonstrate and describe the concentration of heavy metals in lipsticks and their possible adverse effects due to bioaccumulation. Methodology: A literature review was carried out with a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing 15 articles on heavy metals in lipsticks, using Boolean operators and databases such as Scopus and PubMed, focusing on publications of the last decade. Results: The study found heavy metals in lipsticks, including lead (up to 20 ppm), mercury (>1 μg/g), aluminum (5-15 ppm), iron (<1-50 ppm), cobalt, silver, chromium and nickel. Lead and mercury are of concern for neurological and reproductive effects. Prolonged exposure to chromium may be carcinogenic. Regulations vary as the Food and Drug Administration sets a limit of 10 ppm lead in the United States, while the European Union bans mercury and cobalt. Discussion: Variations were found between the concentrations of the most predominant heavy metals according to the authors, the low quality of a product, together with its price and shade are important factors that can influence the concentration of heavy metals. Conclusion: Research indicates that lipsticks contain chemicals in concentrations that often exceed the maximum permissible limits, especially in intense colors. It is crucial that Ecuador establish safe limits for heavy metals in imported lipsticks