USO DE LA AROMATERAPIA DURANTE EL POSPARTO: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERARURA USE OF AROMATHERAPY DURING POSTPARTUM: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
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Introducción: El puerperio es el periodo, donde ocurren cambios fisiológicos en la mujer que ha pasado por un parto, donde los órganos y hormonas regresan a su estado normal antes del embarazo; mientras que en las mamas hay un acentuado desarrollo que perdura durante el periodo de lactancia. Se puede presentar varias molestias orgánicas como dolores relacionados con el parto bien sea por la rafia quirúrgica, episiorrafia en el parto vaginal y entuertos. Así también afectaciones emocionales y psicológicas como parte del proceso de adopción del rol materno, algunas madres desarrollan ansiedad, depresión, fatiga, angustia, e incertidumbre, desencadenando así alteraciones en la relación madre e hijo, que a su vez podría perjudicar la lactancia materna. Objetivo: Conocer el manejo de la aromaterapia en el puerperio mediante la revisión de literatura científica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental descriptiva, a través de la búsqueda en base de datos: EBSCO, NCBI, Scopus, Pubmed, Proquest y Elsevier, utilizando operadores booleanos AND y OR con los siguientes descriptores: aromaterapia, dolor, cesárea, herida quirúrgica, lactancia materna, fatiga, depresión posparto, estrés psicológico y ansiedad. Resultados: El uso de aromaterapia de preferencia con aceite de esencial de lavanda, por medio de la inhalación, masajes, acupresión e inmersión, generan bienestar en la mujer puérpera, algunos ayudan a mejorar aspectos relacionados con el dolor posparto, produce efectos positivos para contrarrestar la ansiedad y depresión posparto y mejorar la vivencia de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: Se encontró una amplia gama de aceites esenciales utilizados durante el posparto, evidenciándose beneficios tanto orgánicos como psicológicos, que conllevan al bienestar del binomio madre- hija
Palabras Clave: Aromaterapia, dolor, cesárea, herida quirúrgica, lactancia materna, fatiga, depresión posparto, estrés psicológico y ansiedad.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The puerperium is the period, where physiological changes occur in women who have gone through childbirth, where the organs and hormones return to their normal state before pregnancy; while in the breasts there is an accentuated development that lasts during the lactation period. Several organic discomforts can occur, such as pain related to childbirth, either due to surgical raffia, episiorrhaphy in vaginal delivery, and injuries. As well as emotional and psychological affectations as part of the process of adopting the maternal role, some mothers develop anxiety, depression, fatigue, anguish, and uncertainty, thus triggering alterations in the mother-child relationship, which in turn could harm breastfeeding. Objective: To know the management of aromatherapy in the puerperium through the review of scientific literature. Methods: A descriptive documentary review was carried out, through the database search: EBSCO, NCBI, Scopus, Pubmed, Proquest and Elsevier, using AND and OR Boolean operators with the following descriptors: aromatherapy, pain, cesarean section, surgical wound, breastfeeding, fatigue, postpartum depression, psychological stress and anxiety. Results: The use of aromatherapy, preferably with lavender essential oil, through inhalation, massage, acupressure and immersion, generates well-being in postpartum women, some help to improve aspects related to postpartum pain, produces positive effects to counteract anxiety and postpartum depression and improve the experience of breastfeeding. Conclusion: A wide range of essential oils used during the postpartum period was found, showing both organic and psychological benefits, which lead to the well-being of the mother-daughter binomial. Keywords: Aromatherapy, pain, cesarean section, surgical wound, breastfeeding, fatigue, postpartum depression, psychological stress and anxiety.
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