Clinical and epidemiological approach of the acute coronary syndrome in a hospital in the center of Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome is the leading cause of mortality in Ecuador, despite efforts and modern diagnostic and laboratory processes continues to be a health problem worldwide and especially in developing countries.

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics and epidemiological profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

 Material and methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out on patients treated at the Cardiology Department of the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital in the city of Quito - Ecuador. The data were selected from a sample of 207 patients and analyzed using the SPSS V.25 software.

 Results: It was determined that the majority of patients resided in urban areas, the average age of presentation was 66 years (+/- 13.96). The main pathological antecedents linked to coronary syndrome were arterial hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease; typical chest pain was predominant; mestizo patients presented a lower development of IAMCEST compared to other ethnic groups (OR: 0.930; 95% CI: 0.872-0.993), the history of malignancies predisposes to a larger class on the Killip scale upon admission (OR: 1,593; 95% CI: 1,093-5,871). In patients with hypothyroidism and cancer, a greater predisposition of infarction was found.

 Conclusion: The timely identification and proper management of comorbidities such as cardiac arrhytimias, hypothyroidism and previous myocardial infarction are pathologies to be taken into account because they predispose to increase the presentation of coronary events and their recurrence in the population over 50 years.