Risk factors for preeclampsia

Abstract

Introduction: pre-eclampsia is one of the complications that can occur during pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium that increase maternal, perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, these pathologies being the leading causes of maternal death in the country and one of the main causes of maternal death worldwide. Objectives: To demonstrate those factors that may trigger a symptomatological episode referred to preeclampsia. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review of scientific articles focused on the risk factors of pre-eclampsia was carried out. Results: The risk factors analysed were nutrition in a pregnant woman, which must be correct because it must meet her own needs and those of the baby, which is why the total energy expenditure with a daily intake of 2150 kcal and 2200 kcal. Another factor was the age of obstetric interest, with preterm birth occurring in 9.8 % of young mothers (20-35 years), 23.3 % of adolescent women (< 20 years) and 33.3 % of adult women (> 35 years). Subsequently, a series of statistical post-analysis data could be compiled, which showed a clear importance of cardiovascular conditions as a major factor for presenting with pre-eclampsia, as well as co-factors that may accompany or generate any atypical state in the cardiovascular system. Conclusions: The main risk factors for pre-eclampsia were found to be marked malnutrition, overweight, age, cardiovascular conditions such as hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory diseases related to smoking that can trigger an atypical cardiovascular condition