Phylloid breast tumor. Clinical case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Phylloid breast tumor is a rare, fast growing fibroepithelial neoplasm that accounts for 0.3% to 1% of all breast tumors. They are classified according to their histopathology in, benign, which represents their vast majority, malignant and borderline. Clinically they have a rapid growth, are painless, recurrent and extraordinarily deform the breast. The importance in early diagnosis lies in avoiding the development of major complications or allowing the progression of a neoplasm when it comes to a malignant phylloid tumor. Treatment will depend on the histological type of the tumor and follow-up is considered a fundamental process.
Objective: To describe a clinical case of phylloid breast tumor and bibliographic review of its clinical presentation, histological types, diagnosis and treatment.
Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of scientific articles is carried out, consulting the databases PUBMED, ELSEVIER, EPISTEMONIKOS, MedLine, The Cochranre Library Plus, selecting articles mostly from 2017 onwards, in Spanish and English. We reviewed full articles and abstracts on the topic.
Results: 30 articles were selected. Review articles, meta-analyses, observational, descriptive, retrospective studies, author opinions and standards of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted to present a clinical case corresponding to Phylloid tumor. We present the clinical case of a 27-year-old female patient who manifests a large, painless right breast tumor, that produces deformity, of two months of evolution, whose histopathology corresponds to a benign phylloid tumor and that receives surgical treatment performing breast-conserving surgery.
Conclusions: The phylloid tumor is an uncommon fibroepithelial neoplasm, clinically it can be confused with a fibroadenoma, must be diagnosed in time by histopathology, the subtype of tumor must be determined, as it can be benign, malignant or borderline and its treatment will depend on its histopathological pattern, being able to perform breast-conserving surgery, mastectomy and in cases of infiltrating and metastatic malignant tumors it can be supplemented with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy