Metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence.

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important complications of excess weight, it is a heterogeneous entity whose concurrence increases the probability of suffering cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, it is made up of a set of metabolic alterations that include resistance to insulin, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and central obesity. Objective: To analyze the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: A study and systematic review of scientific articles, guidelines, clinical practice protocols and other documents from research repositories that are published in different relevant databases such as. ELSEVIER: Scielo, Redalyc, Medical Journals, PubMed. Results: in the analysis of the risk factors it was evidenced that obesity is the essential one, the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome encompasses multiple entities: genetic, environmental and acquired, triggering a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, neurohormonal activation and resistance to Insulin, in relation to clinical diagnosis, was applied using the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for children and adolescents, being the most used due to its easy handling, its treatment is based on changes in lifestyle but there are pharmacological possibilities for its control or the application of surgical methods in cases of morbid obesity. Conclusions: When analyzing the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, it was evidenced that nutritional disorders related to overweight and obesity are the essential dimensions for developing metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, the presence of clinical data such as the decrease in HDL constitutes an essential parameter in these age groups