Afrontamiento del COVID-19: estrés, miedo, ansiedad y depresión
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La incertidumbre, el miedo y restricciones relacionadas con la pandemia de COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 han representado desafíos particulares, especialmente por las medidas de emergencia sanitaria de cuarentena, confinamiento y distanciamiento social, entre otras. El presente artículo de revisión, realizado a través de la búsqueda sistemática de bibliografía publicada en los últimos ocho años y en su mayoría de este mismo año, en revistas indexadas en bases de datos científicas y páginas oficiales de información, utilizando palabras clave como afrontamiento, COVID-19, salud mental, estrés, miedo, ansiedad y depresión. Esta búsqueda permitió seleccionar 34 artículos cuya información es analizada y presentada con el objetivo de aportar al conocimiento sobre como la pandemia ha afectado la salud mental y emocional, así como en las estrategias de afrontamiento ante la misma, y que consecuentemente podrían ayudar a mitigar sus efectos y secuelas. Los efectos sobre la salud mental cuando se hacen excesivos, pueden tener consecuencias perjudiciales tanto a nivel individual, como a nivel social. Sin embargo, estas medidas han evidenciado ser necesarias para reducir la propagación del COVID-19. Lidiar con el estrés, el miedo, la ansiedad o la depresión de manera positiva es una necesidad actual y aprender y aplicarlas, fortalecerá a cada uno como individuos, a los grupos familiares y a la comunidad.
Abstract
The uncertainty, fear and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus have presented particular challenges, especially due to the sanitary quarantine, confinement and social distancing measures, among others. This review article, carried out through the systematic search of articles published in the last eight years and mostly this year, in indexed journals of scientific databases and official information pages, using keywords such as coping, COVID-19, mental health, stress, fear, anxiety and depression. This search allowed selecting 34 articles whose information is analyzed and presented in order to contribute to the knowledge on how the pandemic has affected mental and emotional health, as well as the coping strategies that consequently could help to mitigate their effects and sequels. The effects on mental health when made excessive, can have detrimental consequences both individually and socially. However, these measures have shown to be necessary to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Dealing with stress, fear, anxiety or depression in a positive way is a current need and learning and applying them will strengthen everyone as individuals, family groups and the community.
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