RISK FACTORS FOR BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN PRETERM INFANTS: WHAT DOES THE EVIDENCE SAY?
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Abstract
Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a pathology that particularly affects premature newborns. Although this condition manifests during the neonatal period, its impact on later quality of life can be significant. Therefore, it is crucial to understand its associated factors. Objective: To analyze the available evidence on risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborns. Methods: An exploratory review was conducted, including studies on bronchopulmonary dysplasia published in any language between 2015 and 2020. The search was performed in the LILACS, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases, with the inclusion of studies published between September and December 2020. Results: A total of 63.096 articles were identified, of which 13 were included in this review. Factors described by the studies include an altered fetal metabolic pattern, reduced levels of fetal hemoglobin, low birth weight, and late-onset neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: The analyzed studies allowed the identification of individual factors influencing the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as environmental factors. Some of these factors have been extensively studied and continue to impact the presence of the disease, providing crucial data for therapeutic approaches. Despite this, the evidence remains inconclusive.
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