COMPLICACIONES DE COVID-19 ASOCIADAS A LA OBESIDAD: REVISIÓN
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Introducción: La interacción del hombre con los virus sigue siendo un amplio campo de estudio donde cada día hay novedades; en este sentido, con el reciente SARS-CoV-2 agente causal de la pandemia de COVID-19 se ha demostrado que determinadas condiciones inmunogenéticas, inflamatorias y cardio-metabólicas constituyen factores de riesgo para la forma de presentación complicada de la enfermedad, como se documentó en pacientes obesos. Objetivo: analizar y relacionar las complicaciones del COVID-19 asociadas a la obesidad y receptores inmunológicos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Redalyc, Springer y LILACS, tomando en cuenta artículos de revisión, artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en el contexto internacional; en el periodo febrero 2020 -febrero 2022. Se incluyó la revisión de 75 artículos en total: de los cuales se rechazaron 34 artículos por no contener la información a razón de búsqueda, resultando elegidos 41 artículos al cumplir con los criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: La revisión bibliográfica sugiere la relación del estado inflamatorio crónico de bajo grado inducido por la obesidad y la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Es de suma importancia incrementar el número de investigaciones y/o reporte de casos en los cuales se incluyan pacientes con síndrome metabólico y obesidad resaltando además el amplio rango de receptores inmunes que se han descrito, sobre los cuales podrían diseñarse blancos terapéuticos aunado a la compresión fisiopatológica que cada día demuestra ser una red compleja con fuerte base inmunopatológica.
Palabras clave: Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo, COVID-19, inflamación, obesidad.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The interaction of man with viruses continues to be a broad field of study where there are new developments every day; In this sense, with the recent SARS-CoV-2 causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been shown that certain immunogenic, inflammatory and cardio-metabolic conditions constitute risk factors for the complicated form of presentation of the disease, as shown documented in obese patients. Objective: to analyze and relate the complications of COVID-19 associated with obesity and immune receptors. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Redalyc, Springer and LILACS databases, taking into account review articles, original articles and systematic reviews published in the international context; in the period February 2020-February 2022. A total of 75 articles were reviewed: of which 34 articles were rejected for not containing the information due to the search, resulting in 41 articles being chosen as they met the eligibility criteria. Results: The literature review suggests the relationship between the low-grade chronic inflammatory state induced by obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: It is extremely important to increase the number of investigations and/or case reports in which patients with metabolic syndrome and obesity are included, also highlighting the wide range of immune receptors that have been described, on which therapeutic targets could be designed together with the pathophysiological understanding that each day proves to be a complex network with a strong immunopathological basis.
Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19, inflammation, obesity.
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