Risk factors for SARS Cov 2 infection and involvement of new variants of the Virus, prevention alternatives in Ambato
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Abstract
Introduction: Covid 19 disease is a global health problem, 124 million people infected and 2.73 million deaths. Ecuador did not escape this problem, with 313000 cases and 16478 confirmed deaths. Tungurahua Province has been affected with 10644 cases and 437 confirmed deaths. The assessment of risk factors is essential for the development of effective prevention strategies, especially with the emergence of new variants of the virus in different countries.
Objective: Describe the results of the risk factor assessment in the Canton Ambato according to the results of the research projects implemented by the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato for further development of community prevention strategies.
Material and methods: A cross-cutting descriptive study was carried out, based on the results obtained from the assessment of risk factors in the population of canton Ambato through the execution of research projects of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato in the period October 2020-March 2021.
Results: The 18-26 year old etaerios group dominated 58.6%, the female sex by 53.4%, 94.8% of patients self-identified as half-breeds and the normal weight at 75.3%. 1.53% of patients were pregnant. Predominated gestation time from 6 to 9 months at 50%. A history of diagnosing Covid 19 10.12% of patients, 4.3% were treated by their GP, 1.76% in public health homes and 1.51 private. Only 0.25% of cases required hospitalization. Hospitalization lasted up to 15 days in one case (0.25%). 18.9% of patients have had suggestive respiratory symptoms of Covid 19 at the time of the survey, 10.17% with a serious pathological history, predominated HTA 3.3% and Diabetes Mellitus at 2.79%.
Conclusions: The most significant risk factors for SARS Cov 2 virus infection in the Ambateña population are: adults over the age of 60, immunocompromised pregnant women, comorities (Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus), social factors are not significantly impacting epidemiological control, except in indigenous peoples and communities, where there is also a high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension , as in the town of the canton. It is necessary to complete the assessment of the state of immunity in the population to define prevention strategies that help limit the impact of the pandemic
