Indifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of high degree of left atrial a rare entity: report of a case

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of primary cardiac tumors at autopsy ranges from 0.001% to 0.3%. In all age
groups, benign primary neoplasms are more common than malignant masses. Primary malignant cardiac tumors
are predominantly sarcomas in nature, can present with a variety of symptoms. The clinical presentation
depends mainly on the size of the tumor. The diagnosis of cardiac tumors is largely based on the use of multiple
imaging techniques, including cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiovascular magnetic resonance
(CMR), and echocardiography. Histopathological study continues to be the most accurate way to detect cells
of origin. Complete surgical resection remains the goal of therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be
started once a definitive diagnosis is made, cardiac sarcoma is a lethal tumor with a median survival of 25
months.

Objective: To describe a clinical case of high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the left atrium,
an infrequent entity.

Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive study, presentation of a high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic
sarcoma of the left atrium, an infrequent entity.

Results: The case of a 66-year-old patient who was admitted due to presenting symptoms compatible with
atypical pneumonia is presented. In this case, when no improvement was found, complementary requests were
made, concluding high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, mass exceresis was performed, without
However, the patient dies approximately 3 months after cardiopulmonary complications.

Conclusions: The low frequency of presentation of primary heart sarcomas, as well as the diagnostic challenge
they imply, makes it important to know their current situation and management.