Narrative review: Role and importance of DNA polymerases

Abstract

Introduction: DNA polymerases enzymes are involved in replication and repair processes. The enzymes are classified into four families based in sequence homology and function. The polymerases members of the A and X families are characterized for having a relevant role in replication and repair processes. Meanwhile, the members of the B family are considered high-fidelity enzymes, mainly participating in DNA replication. Finally, the Y family polymerases do not have 3'-5' exonuclease activity participating in translesion DNA synthesis.

Objective:  To elaborate a narrative review on DNA polymerases in order to identify their role in replication and repair processes.

Material and methods: The narrative literature review was performed by searching scientific papers in the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The search parameters were DNA polymerases, translesion polymerases and polymerases in health and disease.

Conclusion: The correct functioning of polymerases is essential in living organisms, due to their participation in crucial biological processes in cell survival. Their overexpression or mutations in the genes that code for the enzymes, can lead to the development of certain diseases such as cancer or mitochondrial disorders.