Uterine mesenchymal tumor: Clinical case presentation and bibliographic review

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical case of a patient with uterine mesenchymal tumor by conducting a thorough and updated literature review.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study through the presentation of a clinical case. Informed consent was obtained from the patient, and a systematic review of scientific information was conducted using bibliographic search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Nature Portfolio, Springer Link, and Scielo.

Results: A 50-year-old patient presented with abdominal distension and diffuse abdominal pain of approximately 3 months' duration. Ultrasonography revealed a mass with heterogeneous content seemingly originating from the ovaries, with a volume of 4575 cc, confirmed by computed tomography. Subsequently, exploratory laparotomy revealed an abdominopelvic mass dependent on the left uterine horn, suggestive of a giant subserosal myoma with adhesions and abundant neovascularization to the mesentery. Hysterectomy and adnexectomy were performed, and histopathological study indicated a mesenchymal neoplasm without specifying the diagnosis of benignity or malignancy, prompting an immunohistochemical study for classification.

Conclusions: Despite surgical intervention being an initial measure in the treatment of suspected uterine mesenchymal tumors, it is imperative to validate the diagnosis through histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses, and in some cases, molecular genetic evaluation. This approach aims to distinguish between a malignant or benign lesion, allowing for the implementation of an appropriate management and follow-up protocol