Biomarkers to determine preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract

Introduction: There are currently multiple biomarkers to predict adverse maternal and fetal effects during pregnancy, among which are: soluble tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). The objective of this study was to identify the usefulness of biomarkers such as sFlt-1 and PlGF to determine preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Methods:  A bibliographic review of 50 articles in English and Spanish from databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos and journals: International Journal of Molecular Science, Obstetrics and Gynecology was carried out. Results: A meta-analysis shows that the PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio had a significantly higher value in the preeclampsia group, suggesting that it is a useful combination of markers for detecting preeclampsia. In a study where more than 200 patients with a PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio >655 were evaluated, severe hypertension was one of the maternal complications. Eight studies with 339 patients showed that a high sFlt-1/PlGF ratio greater than 33 has predictive value for fetal growth restriction Conclusions: The measurement in blood of the relationship between soluble tyrosine kinase-1 biomarkers and placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PIGF) during pregnancy is useful in the prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, allowing the detection in early stages of placental lesions that produce poor maternal vascular perfusion, improving clinical results