RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA E HIPERINSULINEMIA EN ESCOLARES CON EXCESO DE PESO.
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Resumo
Introducción: La obesidad infantil se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI. Objetivo: Determinar la resistencia a la insulina (RI) y la hiperinsulinemia en escolares prepúberes con exceso de peso. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, comparativo, correlacional en 76 escolares, eutróficos y con malnutrición por exceso, aparentemente sanos, evaluados por clínica y antropometría. Se midieron los valores séricos de glicemia e insulina y el HOMA-IR. Los resultados fueron expresados en promedio y desviación estándar. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa Estadístico SPSS versión 24.0. Se consideró p<0,05 confiabilidad estadística. Resultados: la prevalencia de exceso de peso fue 34,21%, hiperinsulinemia 38,16% y resistencia a la insulina 53,95%. La hiperinsulinemia mostró asociación significativa con el exceso de peso (sobrepeso: 66,7% y obesidad: 64,3%) p<0,05, la resistencia a la insulina resultó significativamente más prevalente en los escolares obesos (92,9%) y con sobrepeso (83,3%), p>0,05. Los valores séricos promedio de insulina e índice HOMA-IR resultaron significativamente superiores en los escolares con exceso de peso al comparar con los escolares con peso normal. Conclusión: La prevalencia de obesidad infantil está en ascenso e impone en la población afectada mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas, entre las que se encuentran la resistencia insulínica. Son necesarios estudios ulteriores con el fin de caracterizar a los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad desde el punto de vista antropométrico, bioquímico y metabólico, y definir así el riesgo de padecer las complicaciones crónicas relacionadas con la obesidad.
Palabras clave: obesidad pediátrica, glicemia, insulina, resistencia a la insulina.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Childhood obesity has become one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Objective: To determine insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia in overweight prepubertal schoolchildren. Methods: A descriptive, comparative, correlational cross-sectional study was carried out in 76 schoolchildren, eutrophic and with excessive malnutrition, apparently healthy, evaluated by clinical and anthropometry. Serum glycemia and insulin values ??and HOMA-IR were measured. The results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The statistical program SPSS version 24.0 was used for the statistical análisis p<0.05 statistical reliability was considered. Results: the prevalence of excess weight was 34.21%, hyperinsulinemia 38.16% and insulin resistance 53.95%. Hyperinsulinemia showed a significant association with excess weight (overweight: 66.7% and obesity: 64.3%) p<0.05, insulin resistance was significantly more prevalent in obese schoolchildren (92.9%) and overweight (83.3%), p>0.05. The mean serum values ??of insulin and the HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in schoolchildren with excess weight when compared to schoolchildren with normal weight. Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood obesity is on the rise and imposes on the affected population a greater risk of suffering from chronic diseases, among which are insulin resistance. Further studies are necessary in order to characterize overweight and obese children from the anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic point of view, and thus define the risk of suffering obesity-related chronic complications.
Keywords: pediatric obesity, glycemia, insulin, insulin resistance
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